1 Samuel 14:21

Authorized King James Version

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Moreover the Hebrews that were with the Philistines before that time, which went up with them into the camp from the country round about, even they also turned to be with the Israelites that were with Saul and Jonathan.

Original Language Analysis

וְהָֽעִבְרִ֗ים Moreover the Hebrews H5680
וְהָֽעִבְרִ֗ים Moreover the Hebrews
Strong's: H5680
Word #: 1 of 19
an eberite (i.e., hebrew) or descendant of eber
הָי֤וּ H1961
הָי֤וּ
Strong's: H1961
Word #: 2 of 19
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
לַפְּלִשְׁתִּים֙ that were with the Philistines H6430
לַפְּלִשְׁתִּים֙ that were with the Philistines
Strong's: H6430
Word #: 3 of 19
a pelishtite or inhabitant of pelesheth
כְּאֶתְמ֣וֹל before H865
כְּאֶתְמ֣וֹל before
Strong's: H865
Word #: 4 of 19
heretofore; definitely yesterday
שִׁלְשׁ֔וֹם that time H8032
שִׁלְשׁ֔וֹם that time
Strong's: H8032
Word #: 5 of 19
trebly, i.e., (in time) day before yesterday
אֲשֶׁ֨ר H834
אֲשֶׁ֨ר
Strong's: H834
Word #: 6 of 19
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
עָל֥וּ which went up H5927
עָל֥וּ which went up
Strong's: H5927
Word #: 7 of 19
to ascend, intransitively (be high) or actively (mount); used in a great variety of senses, primary and secondary, literal and figurative
עִמָּ֛ם H5973
עִמָּ֛ם
Strong's: H5973
Word #: 8 of 19
adverb or preposition, with (i.e., in conjunction with), in varied applications; specifically, equally with; often with prepositional prefix (and then
בַּֽמַּחֲנֶ֖ה with them into the camp H4264
בַּֽמַּחֲנֶ֖ה with them into the camp
Strong's: H4264
Word #: 9 of 19
an encampment (of travellers or troops); hence, an army, whether literal (of soldiers) or figurative (of dancers, angels, cattle, locusts, stars; or e
סָבִ֑יב from the country round about H5439
סָבִ֑יב from the country round about
Strong's: H5439
Word #: 10 of 19
(as noun) a circle, neighbour, or environs; but chiefly (as adverb, with or without preposition) around
וְגַם H1571
וְגַם
Strong's: H1571
Word #: 11 of 19
properly, assemblage; used only adverbially also, even, yea, though; often repeated as correl. both...and
הֵ֗מָּה H1992
הֵ֗מָּה
Strong's: H1992
Word #: 12 of 19
they (only used when emphatic)
לִֽהְיוֹת֙ H1961
לִֽהְיוֹת֙
Strong's: H1961
Word #: 13 of 19
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
עִם H5973
עִם
Strong's: H5973
Word #: 14 of 19
adverb or preposition, with (i.e., in conjunction with), in varied applications; specifically, equally with; often with prepositional prefix (and then
יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל even they also turned to be with the Israelites H3478
יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל even they also turned to be with the Israelites
Strong's: H3478
Word #: 15 of 19
he will rule as god; jisral, a symbolical name of jacob; also (typically) of his posterity
אֲשֶׁ֥ר H834
אֲשֶׁ֥ר
Strong's: H834
Word #: 16 of 19
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
עִם H5973
עִם
Strong's: H5973
Word #: 17 of 19
adverb or preposition, with (i.e., in conjunction with), in varied applications; specifically, equally with; often with prepositional prefix (and then
שָׁא֖וּל that were with Saul H7586
שָׁא֖וּל that were with Saul
Strong's: H7586
Word #: 18 of 19
shaul, the name of an edomite and two israelites
וְיֽוֹנָתָֽן׃ and Jonathan H3129
וְיֽוֹנָתָֽן׃ and Jonathan
Strong's: H3129
Word #: 19 of 19
jonathan, the name of ten israelites

Analysis & Commentary

Moreover the Hebrews that were with the Philistines before that time, which went up with them into the camp from the country round about, even they also turned to be with the Israelites that were with Saul and Jonathan.

The 'Hebrews that were with the Philistines beforetime' - Israelites who had defected or served the enemy - now 'turned to be with the Israelites.' Military success attracts those who abandoned the cause in difficult times. The description of these turncoats 'which went up with them into the camp round about' suggests they opportunistically joined the winning side. God's victory draws even the faithless back, though their return reflects self-interest more than faith.

Historical Context

Israelites serving Philistines was common during periods of Philistine dominance. Economic necessity, fear, or pragmatism led some to collaborate with occupying forces. Such collaborators commonly switched allegiance when power dynamics shifted.

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